Included Test Parameters
Nutrient Status
- Calcium A mineral critical for bone strength, nerve transmission, and muscle contraction.
- Total Protein The sum of all proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulin.
- Homocysteine An amino acid that reflects methylation efficiency and cardiovascular health; elevated levels may indicate genetic methylation issues, B-vitamin deficiencies or increased disease risk.
- Potassium A key mineral for nerve signaling, muscle contraction, and heart rhythm.
- Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC)Reflects the blood’s capacity to bind and transport iron, largely determined by transferrin levels.
- Iron Saturation (%)Calculates the percentage of transferrin that is actually bound to iron, helping assess iron availability.
- Albumin A major liver-made protein that maintains fluid balance and transports hormones.
- Magnesium, RBC Measures magnesium levels inside red blood cells to reflect long-term intracellular magnesium status, important for muscle, nerve, and cardiovascular function.
- Ferritin Measures stored iron in the body, serving as both an indicator of iron status and a potential marker of inflammation.
- Vitamin D (25-Hydroxyvitamin D)This test measures the primary circulating form of vitamin D, essential for bone health, immune function, hormone production, and metabolic regulation.
- Sodium An essential electrolyte that affects hydration, nerve function, and blood pressure.
- Iron, Total Measures the amount of circulating iron bound to transferrin in the blood.
- Chloride An electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance and acid-base status.
Urine Analysis
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Urine Red Blood Cells (RBCs)Microscopic detection of blood, which can originate from the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.
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Urine Bacteria Microscopic presence of bacteria may support a diagnosis of UTI.
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Urine Mucus Threads Can appear normally but may increase with irritation or infection.
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Urine Specific Gravity Assesses urine concentration and hydration by measuring the density of solutes in the sample.
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Urine Casts Tube-shaped particles formed in the kidney tubules; their type (e.g. hyaline, granular) provides clues about kidney health.
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Urine White Blood Cells (WBCs)Microscopic evaluation of immune cells, often elevated in infections or inflammation.
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Urine pH Indicates the acidity or alkalinity of the urine, which may reflect diet, infection, or metabolic state.
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Urine Urobilinogen A bilirubin breakdown product that may be altered in liver disease or hemolytic conditions.
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Urine Crystals May indicate kidney stone risk or metabolic abnormalities.
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Urine Epithelial Cells (Squamous, Transitional, Renal)Assess cell types shed into urine to help localize potential pathology.
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Urine Protein Screens for protein loss in the urine, an early marker of kidney stress or glomerular dysfunction.
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Urine Ketones Measures fat metabolism byproducts, which can rise with fasting, ketogenic diets, or insulin deficiency.
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Urine Color & Appearance Visual inspection for clarity, cloudiness, or abnormal coloration, which may indicate hydration status or the presence of blood, protein, or sediment.
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Urine Occult Blood Detects microscopic blood in the urine, which may signal trauma, kidney stones, or infection.
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Urine Yeast May be seen in fungal infections, especially in individuals with diabetes or immunosuppression.
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Urine Leukocyte Esterase Indicates white blood cells in the urine, commonly found with inflammation or infection.
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Urine Nitrite Suggests the presence of nitrate-reducing bacteria, often associated with urinary tract infections (UTIs).
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Urine Glucose Detects the presence of sugar in urine, often elevated in uncontrolled diabetes or impaired glucose regulation.
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Urine Bilirubin A marker that may reflect liver dysfunction or bile flow obstruction when present in urine.
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Urine Trichomonas A parasite that may be detected microscopically, associated with sexually transmitted infections.
Blood Analysis
- MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) Shows the average size of red blood cells.
- Nucleated RBC (Absolute & %) Immature red blood cells, rarely seen in normal circulation—may suggest stress or disease.
- MCH (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin) Measures the average amount of hemoglobin per red blood cell.
- Neutrophils (Absolute & %) A type of white blood cell involved in acute infection response.
- Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) Counts red blood cells responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
- Monocytes (Absolute & %)White blood cells that clean up cellular debris and help regulate inflammation.
- Immature Granulocytes (Absolute & %) Early-stage white blood cells released during active bone marrow stimulation.
- Platelet Morphology Examines platelet size and structure to assess function or abnormal production.
- Lymphocytes (Absolute & %)White blood cells involved in viral immunity and antibody production.
- White Blood Cell Count (WBC) Measures immune cell levels, useful in detecting infection or inflammation.
- MPV (Mean Platelet Volume) Shows the average size of platelets—larger ones are often more active.
- Hematocrit Percentage of blood volume made up by red blood cells.
- RDW (Red Cell Distribution Width) Reflects variation in red blood cell size—helpful in diagnosing anemia types.
- Eosinophils (Absolute & %) White cells involved in allergic reactions and parasite defense.
- Platelet Count Counts platelets, which help blood clot and stop bleeding.
- Basophils (Absolute & %) Rare immune cells involved in allergy and inflammatory signaling.
- MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) Indicates hemoglobin concentration within red cells.
- Hemoglobin The oxygen-carrying protein inside red blood cells.
- WBC Morphology Microscopic review of white cell appearance for abnormalities.
- RBC Morphology Evaluates the shape and appearance of red blood cells under a microscope.
Inflammation
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Ferritin Measures stored iron in the body, serving as both an indicator of iron status and a potential marker of inflammation.
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High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) A sensitive marker of systemic inflammation, used to assess cardiovascular risk and chronic inflammatory burden.
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White Blood Cell Count (WBC) Measures immune cell levels, useful in detecting infection or inflammation.
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Albumin A major liver-made protein that maintains fluid balance and transports hormones.
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Homocysteine An amino acid that reflects methylation efficiency and cardiovascular health; elevated levels may indicate genetic methylation issues, B-vitamin deficiencies or increased disease risk.
Cardiovascular Health
- HDL Cholesterol The cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.
- High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP) A sensitive marker of systemic inflammation, used to assess cardiovascular risk and chronic inflammatory burden.
- Total Cholesterol The sum of all cholesterol types in the blood—HDL, LDL, and VLDL.
- VLDL Cholesterol (Calculated) Transports triglycerides and contributes to atherogenic risk.
- Homocysteine An amino acid that reflects methylation efficiency and cardiovascular health; elevated levels may indicate genetic methylation issues, B-vitamin deficiencies or increased disease risk
- Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio A calculated ratio used to assess cardiovascular risk based on lipid balance.
- LDL Cholesterol The cholesterol contained within apoB that can contribute to plaque buildup in arteries.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in the blood that rises with poor diet, insulin resistance, or alcohol use.
- Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] A genetically determined lipoprotein variant associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, independent of LDL cholesterol.
- Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) Measures the number of atherogenic lipoprotein particles (like LDL, VLDL) in the blood—each of which carries one ApoB molecule—making it a powerful indicator of cardiovascular risk.
Liver Function
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A/G Ratio The ratio of albumin to globulin, used to evaluate liver and immune system balance.
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Albumin A major liver-made protein that maintains fluid balance and transports hormones.
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Globulin A group of proteins involved in immune function and inflammation.
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ALT (SGPT) A liver-specific enzyme elevated in liver cell stress or injury.
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Total Protein The sum of all proteins in the blood, including albumin and globulin.
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AST (SGOT) An enzyme found in liver and muscle; elevated levels suggest tissue damage.
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Bilirubin, Direct Assesses the conjugated (processed) form of bilirubin by the liver.
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Bilirubin, Total Measures total bilirubin, a byproduct of red blood cell breakdown.
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Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) An enzyme related to bile flow, bone health, and liver function.
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Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) An enzyme involved in liver detoxification and bile flow, often elevated in liver stress, alcohol use, or bile duct dysfunction.
Metabolic Health
- Glucose Shows your blood sugar at a single point in time, typically after fasting.
- Insulin This test measures the level of insulin in the blood after an overnight fast. It helps assess insulin sensitivity and early metabolic dysfunction, often before changes in glucose or A1c appear.
- Triglycerides A type of fat in the blood that rises with poor diet, insulin resistance, or alcohol use.
- Hemoglobin A1c Shows your average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months.
- HDL Cholesterol The cholesterol that helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream.
Hormones (Reproductive & Anabolic)
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Progesterone, LC/MS A key steroid hormone involved in the production of other hormones like cortisol and testosterone, as well as mood regulation, sleep quality, and neuroprotection. Measured using the highly sensitive LC/MS for accuracy.
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Pregnenolone A precursor hormone from which all steroid hormones (like testosterone, cortisol, and progesterone) are synthesized, often assessed for adrenal and hormonal function. Also a potent neurosteroid impacting brain health.
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Estradiol, Ultrasensitive (LC/MS) Measures very low levels of estradiol using highly sensitive LC/MS technology, ideal for accurately assessing estrogen balance in both sexes.
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Free Testosterone (Equilibrium Dialysis) Assesses the biologically active portion of testosterone using equilibrium dialysis, the most accurate method for measuring unbound hormone.
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Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) A protein that binds sex hormones like testosterone and regulates their bioavailability.
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Prolactin A pituitary hormone that can influence libido, fertility, and hormonal balance in both men and women.
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Testosterone, Total (LC/MS) Measures the total testosterone in the blood using gold-standard liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS), ensuring high accuracy even at low levels.
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Luteinizing Hormone (LH) A hormone released by the pituitary gland that signals the testes to produce testosterone and plays a key role in regulating the reproductive axis.
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DHEA-S A precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands, supporting testosterone and estrogen production.
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IGF-1 A liver-produced hormone regulated by growth hormone, reflecting muscle building and recovery potential.
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) A pituitary hormone that stimulates sperm production and supports testicular function in men.
Adrenal Function
- Pregnenolone A precursor hormone from which all steroid hormones (like testosterone, cortisol, and progesterone) are synthesized, often assessed for adrenal and hormonal function. Also a potent neurosteroid impacting brain health.
- Cortisol A central hormone in the body’s stress response, influencing metabolism, inflammation, energy regulation, and circadian rhythm.
- DHEA-SA precursor hormone produced by the adrenal glands, supporting testosterone and estrogen production.
Male-Specific Health
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PSA Total (with Reflex to Free) A screening marker for prostate health, used to detect inflammation, enlargement, or cancer.
